Republican is the Party of Civil Rights and Social Justice. Democrat is the Party of Racism, Slavery, and Enslavement [FULL VERSION]

This is a list of facts.  They are a matter of record; specifically the Congressional Record, speeches, writings, the work of historians, etc.  It is presented in roughly chronological order.  Sources are listed at the end of this post. You’re invited to check all of them. 

1. Number of slaves owned by Republicans in 1860: Zero
2. Number of slaves owned by Democrats in 1860: All of them
3. Racists and Non-Racists never switched parties.  The “Big Switch” between Republicans and Democrats, and the “Southern Strategy” are lies.  See facts 20, 21, and 23 below.
4. Slavery for many centuries needed no defenders because it had no critics
5. Slavery came under attack in the seventeenth century
   1. The American founding, which had no power to end slavery but which established a framework for reducing, corralling, and ultimately placing slavery on a path to extinction
6. Slavery came under attack again in the nineteenth century
   1. The Republican Party was explicitly founded to block and then eliminate slavery, healing the “crisis of the house divided,” and creating a single union of free citizens.
      1. Anti-slavery activism, of course, preceded the Republican Party, although it finally found its most effective expression in that party. The earliest opponents of slavery in America were Christians, mostly Quakers and evangelical Christians. They took seriously the biblical idea that we are all equal in the eyes of God, and interpreted it to mean that no person has the right to rule another person without his consent.
      2. Remarkably, Christians discovered political equality through a theological interpretation of the Bible. For them, human equality is based not on an equality of human characteristics or achievements but on how we are equally loved by God. Moreover, the argument against slavery and the argument for democracy both rested on the same foundation, a foundation based on human equality and individual consent.
      3. The American Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1833. A few years later, the Liberty Party was founded to pursue emancipation. In 1848, the Liberty Party, anti-slavery Whigs, and Democrats who opposed the extension of slavery merged to form the Free Soil Party. Abolitionism, which sought the immediate end of slavery, had been present since the founding but grew in political strength during the middle part of the nineteenth century.
      4. With the passage of the Kansas Nebraska Act— repealing the Missouri Compromise which curtailed the spread of slavery beyond the designated 36-30 latitude— Free Soilers, former Whigs, and abolitionists joined together and created the Republican Party.
7. Democrats in the South AND North defended slavery
   1. Southern Democratic Party invented the “positive good” school that argued slavery was good not only for the master but also for the slave
      1. Democratic Senator John C. Calhoun.
   2. Northern Democrats like Stephen Douglass fought to protect slavery in the South and in the new territories.
   3. Northern Democratic Party invented “popular sovereignty,” (aka States Rights) which allowed each state and territory to decide for itself whether it wanted slavery.
   4. Democrats on the Supreme Court forged the majority in the 1858 Dred Scott decision that upheld slavery and insisted that blacks have no rights that a white man needs to respect.
   5. Democratic Presidents from Polk to Buchanan protected slavery from abolitionist, free soil, and Republican attack.
   6. The Charleston Mercury editorialized during the secession debate that the duty of the South was to
      1. “rally under the banner of the Democratic Party which has recognized and spported…the rights of the South.”
8. Lincoln was elected on a platform of stopping the advance of slavery
9. The south seceded
   1. If Lincoln had lost the election of 1860 the South probably would not have seceded
10. Civil War was fought between Anti-Slavery Republicans in the north and Pro-Slavery Democrats in the North AND South.
11. Republicans won the Civil War.
12. Democrats assassinated Lincoln
    1. conspired to assassinate President Lincoln, Vice President Johnson, and Secretary of State Seward. They succeeded with Lincoln, failed with Johnson, and gravely injured Seward.
13. All the figures who upheld and defended American slavery and, later, racism were Democrats
    1. Senators John C. Calhoun
    2. Senator Jefferson Davis
    3. Senator James Henry Hammond
    4. Georgia Governor Joseph Brown
    5. Senator Stephen Douglass
    6. President James Buchanan
    7. Supreme Court Justice Roger Taney, architect of the Dred Scott decision
    8. Preston Brooks, assaulted Republican Senator Charles Sumner with a cane on the senate floor
    9. Ben Tillman, South Carolina governor and later Senator
       1. “Republicanism means Negro equality, while the Democratic Party means that the white man is superior.  That’s why we Southerners are all Democrats.”
       2. “Now that Roosevelt has eaten with that nigger [Booker T.] Washington, we shall have to kill a thousand niggers to get them back to their place.”
    10. Democrat James Vardaman of Mississippi
        1. “I am just as opposed to Booker Washington with all his Anglo-Saxon reinforcements as I am to the coconut-headed, chocolate-colored typical little coon Andy Dotson who blacks my shoes every morning.”
14. All the heroes of black emancipation were Republican
    1. Sojourner Truth
    2. Frederick Douglass
    3. Harriet Tubman (organized underground railroad)
    4. Ida B. Wells
    5. Senator Charles Sumner
    6. John Brown
    7. Blanche K. Bruce, former slave first black Senator from Mississippi to serve a full term
    8. Abraham Lincoln
15. The First Civil Rights Revolution
    1. The Thirteenth Amendment
       1. ending slavery
       2. passed with 100% Republican support and 23% Democratic support.
       3. in 1864 (Senate) and early 1865 (House)
    2. The Fourteenth Amendment
       1. overturning Dred Scott (which said “separate but equal was Constitutional) and granting full citizenship and equal rights under the law to blacks
       2. passed with exclusive Republican support and 0% Democratic support.
       3. in 1866
    3. The Fifteenth Amendment
       1. granting suffrage – the right to vote – to blacks
       2. All “Yes” votes came from Republicans. A few Republican Senators abstained because they wanted the amendment to go further than it did.
       3. All “No” votes came from Democrats.
       4. passed in 1868
    4. The Civil Rights Act of 1866,
       1. guaranteeing to blacks the rights to make contracts and to have the criminal laws apply equally to whites and blacks.
       2. Passed by Republicans,
       3. Vetoed by Democratic President Johnson.
          1. “This is a country for white men and, by God, as long as I am President, it shall be government of white men.” – President Andrew Johnson
       4. Republicans overrode Johnson’s veto.
    5. Reconstruction Act of 1867
       1. Passed by Republicans
       2. Aimed at rebuilding the South on a new plane of equality of rights between the races
       3. Established the Freedman’s Bureau.
          1. Opened hundreds of schools for blacks
          2. Provided newly freed blacks with food, health services, and legal protection
          3. Helped unite the families of former slaves
       4. A reparations bill
          1. modeled after General Sherman’s Field Directive 15 which provided blacks with forty acres of land to farm on their own plus a retired army mule.
          2. Democratic President Johnson killed it.
       5. Appoint military governors with power to override local authority in the south.
          1. More than 1500 blacks won federal, state, and local offices.
          2. A former slave named Blanche K. Bruce became first black senator from Mississippi to serve a full term.
          3. John Langston became first black congressman from Virginia
          4. Every single one of these blacks was a Republican
    6. Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871, aka the Force Bill
       1. Passed by Republicans
       2. Signed by Republican President Ulysses Grant
       3. Restricted northern Democratic inflows of money and weapons to the Klan
       4. Empowered federal officials to crack down on Klan’s organized violence
       5. Implemented by military governors appointed by Grant
    1. These made possible the Second Civil Rights Revolution, see item 22 below.
16. Democrats introduced White Supremacy: Black Codes, Segregation, Jim Crow laws, and the KKK
    1. White Supremacy 
       1. “This is a white man’s country – let the white man rule.” – Official Democratic Party slogan, 1868 presidential election campaign.
       2. “The one thing that held the Democratic Party together [after the Civil War] was a commitment to maintaining white supremacy.” – Historian George Frederickson
    2. Black Codes in state legislatures and state constitutional conventions
       1. Blacks permitted to work only in certain professions, thus granting whites a labor monopoly on the remaining ones.
       2. White masters could whip young black servants
       3. Blacks could not travel freely; if they did, they ran the risk of being declared “vagrants” I which case they could be arrested and imprisoned.
       4. Sheriffs could then assign hard labor or hire them out to whit employers to work off their sentence.
       5. Black children could be apprenticed to white employers at will
       6. Blacks could not vote or serve on juries.
       7. Their testimony in court was only considered relevant in cases involving other blacks.
       8. Many crimes – such as rebellion, arson, and assaulting a white woman – carried the death penalty for blacks, but not for whites.
       9. Blacks were not allowed to sell alcohol or carry a firearm.
       10. Blacks could marry, but “marriage between a white person and a person of color shall be null and void.”
    3. Segregation
       1. Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896, Supreme Court confirmed constitutionality of segregation
          1. Supreme court was largely though not exclusively Democratic
             1. Sole dissent came from Justice John Harlan
             2. Republican from Kentucky
                1. “Our constitution is color-blind and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens.”
          2. A Democratic legislature passed the law
          3. A Democratic governor signed the law
          4. “Separate but equal”
             1. Democratic majority in the Supreme Court declared in the Plessy decision that if blacks feel inferior as a result of segregation it’s because they choose to view it that way, not because of anything in the law itself.
          5. Democrats in the south segregated…
             1. Hotels
             2. Taverns
             3. Inns
             4. Schools
             5. Public water fountains
             6. Prisons
             7. Public theaters
             8. Public libraries
             9. Public parks
             10. Hospitals
             11. Jails
             12. Cemeteries
             13. Movie theaters
             14. Opera houses
             15. Professions
                 1. Barbers
                 2. Plumbers
    4. Jim Crow Laws
       1. Signed by Democratic governors
       2. Upheld by Democratic judges
       3. Enforced by Democratic sheriffs and public officials
    5. The Ku Klux Klan was founded by Democrats; a group of Confederate soldiers.
       1. “the domestic terrorist arm of the Democratic Party.
       2. The main point of the Klan’s orgy of violence was to keep blacks from voting
17. The Nineteenth Amendment
    1. Republicans proposed women’s suffrage as early as 1878, it was voted down by a Democrat-controlled Congress
    2. Republicans re-introduced it the issue each year but for many years Democrats tied it up in committees.
    3. It got to the floor in 1887, Democrats defeated it.
    4. Frustrated the suffagettes – who were mostly Republican – took the issue to the states
       1. By 1900 several Republican-dominated states granted women the right to vote
       2. In 1916 Montanna Republican Jeannette Ranking became the first woman elected to Congress
    5. Congress took up the issue again in 1914, when it was again rejected by Senate Democrats.
    6. Only when the GOP won landslide majorities in both houses in 1918 did the Nineteenth Amendment finally have the necessary two-thirds majority to pass
    7. The Democrats took their opposition to the states
       1. Eight of the nine “no” votes on the Nineteenth Amendment came from Democrat-controlled state legislatures.
18. “During the Wilson years the composite of racism and progressive liberalism came to dominate the Democratic Party.” – Historian Ira Katznelson
    1. Wilson showed “The Birth of a Nation” in the White House
       1. “It’s like writing history with lightning, and my only regret is that it is all so terribly true.” – Democratic President Woodrow Wilson
    2. Protestors against “The Birth of a Nation” were all Republicans, e.g.,
       1. Harvard President Charles Eliot
       2. Feminist reformer Jane Addams
       3. Booker T. Washington
    3. Defenders of the film were all Democrats, e.g.,
       1. Former Supreme Court Justice Edward White
    4. Wilson’s progressivism can be seen in the way he championed centralized power in Wachington, D.C., and repudiated the South’s traditional political doctrine of state’s rights.
    5. Wilson openly advocated that America’s founding principles be replaced by centralized planning
    6. “We are not bound to adhere to the doctrines held by the signers of the Declaration of Independence.” – Woodrow Wilson
    7. Wilson denounced the founders in the name of progressive centralization of power, which for him were the way of the future; they represented progress
19. FDR’s Racist Bargain
    1. The New Deal
    2. Southern Democrats made demands in exchange for their support of FDR’s progressive programs
       1. FDR must oppose desegregation
       2. FDR must block anti-lynching schemes of blacks and Republicans
          1. FDR must not hold it against Democrats if they belonged to white supremacist organizations like the KKK
       3. A disproportionate share of New Deal programs must be steered toward the South
       4. Blacks, who mainly worked as domestic servants and farm laborers, be excluded from those programs.
    3. FDR agreed
       1. At the White House, he continued Wilson’s policy of segregation among the household staff
       2. Banned black reporters from White House press conferences
       3. Continued Wilson’s segregation of armed forces.
       4. The TVA Act, which involved the construction of huge power and navigation dams on the Tennessee River, benefited Missouri, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Virginia.
       5. Ensured that the two main occupations involving blacks, namely domestic and farm labor, were excluded from federal benefits
       6. The result was that millions of blacks were ineligible to receive Social Security, unemployment, and a host of other benefits that were being offered to workers in every other type of industry.
       7. New Deal programs like the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) were segregated and offered the best jobs to whites.
       8. The administration denied FHA loans to blacks seeking to move into white neighborhoods, but they did assist blacks in buying homes in black areas.
    4. FDR Interned Japanese Americans during WWII
20. The ACTUAL “Big Switch” Part 1:
    1. Even though FDR was clearly racist, blacks saw that New Deal programs at least offered employment to tens of thousands of blacks
    2. Black votes during the New Deal era moved steadily toward the Democratic Party, in a sense selling their votes for a mess of pottage.
       1. From 1865 to 1933 approximately 90 percent of blacks voted Republican
       2. By 1936, 75 percent of blacks became Democrats
       3. This tend has only continued since then, so that today around 90 percent of blacks vote Democratic and only 10 percent vote Republican
    3. The black vote switched from Republican to Democrat mostly during a period of four years during the 1930s.
    4. Democrats could scarcely believe their good fortune. They found that they could continue to exclude, exploit, and subjugate blacks, and still get the black vote. Democratic strategists at the time expressed their amazement and delight that blacks votes came so cheap. In subsequent decades, progressive Democrats recognized that they could secure a virtually permanent hold on the black vote by creating plantation-style dependency on the state.
21. The ACTUAL “Big Switch,” Part 2:
    1. The south became more Republican over a period of decades during the 1950s and 1960s as it gradually became less racist
       1. As the South became more prosperous economically during the 190s and 1960s, the racist appeal lost its currency and white southern Democrats realized that they had more in common with the Republican Party. The identified with the GOP idea of controlling your own destiny and improving your own life.
       2. In a remarkable book, The End of Southern Exceptionalism, Byron Shafer and Richard Johnston make the case that white southerners switched to the Republican Party not because of racism but because they identified the GOP with economic opportunity and upward mobility. As the agrarian South became more industrial and then post-industrial, white southerners switched parties not because of race but because of economic prospects. Interestingly, whites moved to the Republican Party for the same reason blacks moved to the Democratic Party: both groups saw the journey as congruent with their economic self-interest.
       3. Shafer and Johnston show how Democrats tried, and failed, to keep southern whites in the fold by appealing to racism. Southern whites, however, migrated to the GOP as the party that better represented their interests and aspirations. Shafer and Johnston supply reams of data to substantiate their claim that the poorest, most racist whites remained Democratic, while more prosperous whites who were not racist were more likely to become Republicans. To the horror of the Democratic Party, the South moved in the Republican direction as white southerners embraced the GOP as the non-racist party of economic opportunity and patriotism. 21
    1. LBJ Spoke of civil rights legislation as a tactical measure to keep blacks on the plantation
       1. Johnson was himself a member of the racist group of southern Democrats that FDR worked with and cut deals with.
       2. Johnson vociferously opposed civil rights early in his career.
       3. • I’ll tell you what’s at the bottom of it. If you can convince the lowest white man he’s better than the best colored man, he won’t notice you’re picking his pocket. Hell, give him somebody to look down on, and he’ll empty his pockets for you.
            • As quoted in “What a Real President Was Like: To Lyndon Johnson, the Great Society Meant Hope and Dignity”, by Bill Moyers, The Washington Post (13 November 1988).
          • As long as you are black, and you’re gonna be black till the day you die, no one’s gonna call you by your goddamn name! So no matter what you are called, nigger, you just let it roll off your back like water, and you’ll make it! Just pretend you’re a goddamn piece of furniture!
            • Said to his chauffeur, Robert Parker, when Parker said he’d prefer to be referred to by his name rather than “boy,” “nigger” or “chief.” As quoted in Parker, Robert; Rashke, Richard L. (1989). Capitol Hill in Black and White. United States: Penguin Group. p. v. ISBN 0515101893. Retrieved on 6 January 2015.
          • I’m going to have to bring up the nigger bill again.
            • Said to a southern U.S. Senator upon the occasion of the Republicans re-introducing the Civil Right Act of 1957, according to LBJ’s Special Counsel Harry McPherson. As quoted in McPherson, Harry. Interview with Michael L. Gillette. “Transcript, Harry McPherson Oral History Interview VI, 5/16/85, by Michael L. Gillette, LBJLibrary.” 16 May 1985.
          • Let’s face it. Our ass is in a crack. We’re gonna have to let this nigger bill pass.
            • Said to Senator John Stennis (D-MS) during debate on the Civil Rights Act of 1957. As quoted in Caro, Robert A. (2002). The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Master of the Senate, Volume 3. New York: Knopf. p. 954. ISBN 0394528360. Retrieved on 6 January 2015.
          • Sam, why don’t you all let this nigger bill pass?
            • Said to Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn (D-TX) regarding the Civil Rights Act of 1957. As quoted in Dallek, Robert (1991). Lone Star Rising: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1908-1960. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 519. ISBN 0195054350. Retrieved on 5 July 2014.
          • These Negroes, they’re getting pretty uppity these days and that’s a problem for us since they’ve got something now they never had before, the political pull to back up their uppityness. Now we’ve got to do something about this, we’ve got to give them a little something, just enough to quiet them down, not enough to make a difference. For if we don’t move at all, then their allies will line up against us and there’ll be no way of stopping them, we’ll lose the filibuster and there’ll be no way of putting a brake on all sorts of wild legislation. It’ll be Reconstruction all over again.
            • Said to Senator Richard Russell, Jr. (D-GA) regarding the Civil Rights Act of 1957. As quoted in Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream (1977), by Doris Kearns Goodwin, New York: New American Library, p. 155.
          • Son, when I appoint a nigger to the court, I want everyone to know he’s a nigger.
            • Said to an aide in 1965 regarding the appointment of Thurgood Marshall as associate justice of the Supreme Court. As quoted in Dallek, Robert (1991). Lone Star Rising: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1908-1960. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 519. ISBN 0195054350. Retrieved on 5 July 2014.
          • I’ll have them niggers voting Democratic for two hundred years.
            • Said to two governors regarding the Civil Rights Act of 1964, according to then-Air Force One steward Robert MacMillan. As quoted in Inside the White House (1996), by Ronald Kessler, New York: Simon and Schuster, p. 33.
       4. Other Tactical Aspects of Democratic support for Civil Rights Legislation
          1. If blacks became independent they would have no more reason to vote Democratic
          2. Black suffering gave Democratic progressivism a continuing claim to “social justice.”
          3. As long as blacks were beholden to Democrats anyone who dissented from the progressive program could then be accused of being anti-black.
          4. Republicans who opposed progressivism could be charged with being racist.
          5. Black conservatives and the party of black emancipation and of civil rights could now be tarred with the charge if bigotry and being against civil rights.
22. The Second Civil Rights Revolution
    1. Brown v Board of Education
       1. Ending school segregation
    2. Civil Rights Act of 1964
       1. Guaranteed blacks, women and other minorities the right not to be discriminated against in jobs and government contracts
       2. passed the House with
          1. 63 percent of Democrats and
          2. 80 percent of Republicans voting “yes.”
       3. Passed the Senate with
          1. 69 percent of Democrats and
          2. 94 percent of Republicans voted “yes.”
    3. Fair Housing Bill of 1968
       1. Extended the antidiscrimination provisions of the CRA of 1964 to housing.
    4. The Voting Rights Act of 1965
       1. guaranteed to blacks and other minorities full enfranchisement
       2. passed the House 333-85,
          1. No votes
             1. 61 Democrats
             2. 24 Republicans
       3. It passed the Senate with
          1. 73 percent of Democrats and
          2. 94 percent of Republicans.
    5. Had Republicans voted in the same proportion as Democrats the laws would not have passed.
    6. Where did these rights come from?
       1. Desegregation and anti-discrimination laws both relied on the notion that blacks weren’t slaves any longer; rather, they were free and could make their own choices.  This freedom had been secured for blacks by the Thirteenth Amendment which permanently abolished slavery.
       2. The desegregation court rulings and the anti-discrimination provisions of the Civil Rights Act and the Fair Housing Bill were also based on the “equal protection” clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
       3. The Voting Rights Act attempted to secure for blacks full enfranchisement, the right to vote.  The right was specified in the Fifteenth Amendment.  This amendment declared that, as citizens, blacks had the same prerogative to cast their ballots as whites and all others.  The 1965 Voting Rights Act merely sought to enforce an equality provision that had been constitutionally affirmed much earlier.
       4. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments were passed in the aftermath of the Civil War.  They were passed by the Republican Party.
    7. The main opposition to the second Civil Rights Movement came from Democrats (Dixiecrats).
       1. Organized protests against desegregation rulings by the Supreme Court
       2. Democrat governors refused to enforce those rulings
       3. Senate Democrats filibusterd against the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
       4. Leading members of the Dixiecrats:
          1. James Eastland, Democrat, Mississippi
          2. John Stennis, Democrat, Mississippi
          3. Russel Long, Democrat, Louisiana
          4. Strom Thurmond, Democrat, South Carolina
             1. The only one to switch to Republican Party
          5. Herman Talmadge, Democrat, Georgia
          6. J. William Fulbright, Democrat, Arkansas
          7. Lestor Maddox, Democrat, Georgia,
          8. Al Gore Sr., Democrat, Tennessee
          9. Robert Byrd, Democrat, West Virginia
       5. Republican Barry Goldwater, founding member of NAACP, active in integrating Phoenix public schools, voted against the Civil Rights Act
          1. Because it outlawed private as well as public discrimination
          2. Goldwater believed the federal government did not have legitimate authority to restrict the private sector in that way.
       6. Democrat Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas ordered the Arkansas National Guard to stop black students from enrolling in Little Rock Central High School
       7. Republican President Eisenhower sent troops from the 101^st Airborne to enforce desegregation.
       8. Democrat Governor Faubus shut down all the public high schools in Little Rock for the 1958-59 school year.
       9. Democrat Governor George Wallace of Alabama attempted to prevent four black students from enrolling in elementary schools in Huntsville
          1. “Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.”  – Democrat George Wallace 
          2. A federal court in Birmingham intervened.
       10. Democrat Sheriff Bull Conner unleashed dogs and fire hoses on civil rights protestors.
23. Nixon’s so-called “Southern Strategy” never happened.
    1. Progressives who cannot refute this history—facts are stubborn things—nevertheless create the fantasy of a Nixon “Southern strategy” that supposedly explains how Republicans cynically appealed to racism in order to convert southern Democrats into Republicans. In reality Nixon had no such strategy—as we have seen, it was Lyndon Johnson who had a southern strategy to keep blacks from defecting to the Republican Party. Johnson, not Nixon, was the true racist, a fact that progressive historiography has gone to great lengths to disguise.
    2. Nixon’s political strategy in the 1968 campaign is laid out in Kevin Phillips’s classic work The Emerging Republican Majority. Phillips writes that the Nixon campaign knew it could never win the presidency through any kind of racist appeal. Such an appeal, even if it won some converts in some parts of the Lower South, would completely ruin Nixon’s prospects in the rest of the country. Nixon’s best bet was to appeal to the rising middle classes of the Upper South on the basis of prosperity and economic opportunity. 22 This is exactly what Nixon did.
    3. There are no statements by Nixon that even remotely suggest he appealed to racism in the 1968 or 1972 campaigns. Nixon never displayed the hateful, condescending view of blacks that Johnson did. The racist vote in 1968 didn’t go to Nixon; it went to George Wallace. A longtime Democratic segregationist, Wallace campaigned that year on an independent ticket. Nixon won the election but Wallace carried the Deep South states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia.
    4. Nixon supported expanded civil rights for blacks throughout his career while Johnson was—for the cynical reasons given above—a late convert to the cause. Nixon went far beyond Johnson in this area; in fact, Nixon implemented America’s first affirmative action program which involved the government forcing racist unions in Philadelphia to hire blacks.
    5. To sum up, starting in the 1930s and continuing to the present, progressive Democrats developed a new solution to the problem of what they saw as useless people. In the antebellum era, useless people from the Democratic point of view were mainly employed as slaves. In the postbellum period, southern Democrats repressed, segregated, and subjugated useless people, seeking to prevent them from challenging white supremacy or voting Republican. Meanwhile, northern progressives like Margaret Sanger sought to prevent useless people from being born. Today’s progressives, building on the legacy of Wilson, FDR, and Johnson, have figured out what to do with useless people: turn them into Democratic voters.

This list of basic facts of American history in roughly chronological order is culled from Hillary’s America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party, by Dinesh D’Souza.  The facts are either quoted directly from the book or paraphrased for clarity.  The original sources (e.g., Congressional voting Record, speeches, writings, the work of historians, or original records) for this material are provided in the book, and online here.  You’re invited to check any/all of them.